Wolf Hall: Why Duke Of Norfolk Changed

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Post on Nov 11, 2024

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The Shifting Sands of Loyalty: Why the Duke of Norfolk Changed in Hilary Mantel's "Wolf Hall"

Hilary Mantel's "Wolf Hall" brilliantly depicts the tumultuous world of Henry VIII's court, a place where loyalties were constantly tested and friendships could turn to bitter betrayal. The story is told through the eyes of Thomas Cromwell, a cunning and ambitious man who rises from humble beginnings to become the King's right-hand man. One of the most fascinating characters within this intricate web of power is Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk.

At the beginning of the novel, Norfolk is presented as a stalwart supporter of the old order, deeply devoted to the Catholic Church and the traditional power structures of the English aristocracy. He is a close friend of Thomas More, a man of principle who ultimately chooses martyrdom over compromising his beliefs. Norfolk, though initially opposed to Henry's annulment from Catherine of Aragon, eventually conforms to the King's will, seemingly out of loyalty and a desire to protect his own position.

However, the novel meticulously reveals a complex and nuanced character, one whose allegiances shift and change over time. As Cromwell rises in influence, Norfolk becomes increasingly wary of his power. His fear of Cromwell's ambition is palpable, and he even resorts to using Anne Boleyn's machinations to undermine Cromwell's position. This fear stems from a deeply ingrained belief in the hierarchical order of the English court. Norfolk sees Cromwell's rise as a threat to the established power structure and a potential challenge to his own authority.

Furthermore, Norfolk's loyalty to the King is not absolute. While he initially supports Henry's desire for a male heir, he becomes increasingly troubled by the King's erratic behavior and his willingness to break with the Church. Norfolk's faith remains strong, and he witnesses firsthand the turmoil that the Reformation brings to England. He questions Henry's methods and, at times, even feels sympathy for the Queen, Catherine of Aragon.

This clash of loyalties ultimately leads Norfolk to a pivotal decision: to betray Cromwell. He betrays his former friend and ally, believing it is the only way to save himself and his family. This decision is a testament to Norfolk's fear of losing his position and his desire to maintain his own power. It also reflects his deep-seated conviction that the old order needs to be preserved, even if it means compromising his own principles.

Norfolk's change in the novel is a powerful reminder that loyalty can be a fickle thing in a world of power politics. It forces the reader to question the nature of loyalty, the consequences of ambition, and the price of survival in a world where the line between friend and foe is constantly shifting.

Mantel's masterful portrayal of Norfolk's complex character adds another layer of depth and intrigue to "Wolf Hall." He is not simply a villain, but a man caught between his desire for power, his faith, and the ever-changing winds of the English court. His journey is a powerful reminder that even in the face of adversity, human motivations are often driven by a complex interplay of conflicting loyalties and ambitions.